Understanding the Rotator Cuff: Key Muscles and Their Functions

The rotator cuff is a group of four important muscles that stabilise and move the shoulder joint. These muscles attach the shoulder blade (scapula) to the upper arm bone (humerus) and help with various arm movements. Understanding their functions can be useful for massage therapists and individuals experiencing shoulder discomfort.

Main Muscles of the Rotator Cuff

1. Supraspinatus

   • Attachment: Originates from the top of the scapula (supraspinous fossa) and inserts on the top of the humerus (greater tubercle).

   • Action: Initiates the first 15 degrees of arm lifting (abduction) before the deltoid takes over.

2. Infraspinatus

   • Attachment: Starts from the back of the scapula (infraspinous fossa) and inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus.

   • Action: Rotates the arm outward (external rotation) and stabilises the shoulder.

3. Teres Minor

   • Attachment: Runs from the lower part of the scapula to the greater tubercle of the humerus.

   • Action: Assists in external rotation and helps stabilise the shoulder joint.

4. Subscapularis

   • Attachment: Originates from the front surface of the scapula (subscapular fossa) and inserts on the lesser tubercle of the humerus.

   • Action: Rotates the arm inward (internal rotation) and supports shoulder stability.

Why These Muscles Matter for Massage Therapy

Tension, overuse, or injury to the rotator cuff muscles can cause pain and restrict movement. Massage therapy can help by:

• Relieving muscle tightness and improving flexibility.

• Enhancing blood circulation to aid healing.

• Reducing inflammation and promoting relaxation in overworked muscles.

  
  

Focusing on these muscles during a session can help clients regain mobility and ease shoulder discomfort. Gentle massage techniques, stretching, and myofascial release can provide relief and improve overall shoulder function.

The bones of the shoulder area